NIFS Healthy Living Blog

As athletes, we understand the importance of fueling our bodies properly to perform at our best. Whether you're hitting the gym regularly, training for a marathon, or simply aiming to lead a healthy lifestyle, how you balance your plate can significantly impact your energy levels, recovery, and overall well-being. That's why I'm introducing the concept of "Performance Plates" – a simple yet effective way to structure your meals based on your activity level and goals.

Let's break down the essential components of the Performance Plates for athletes first.

• Protein: Vital for muscle repair and growth, protein supports recovery, and enhances
  strength, and reduces the risk of injury.
  
  
• Color (Fruits and Vegetables): Packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, colorful
  fruits and vegetables aid in reducing inflammation, supporting immune function, and
  promoting overall health.
  
  
• Carbohydrates: Serving as the body's primary fuel source, carbohydrates are crucial for
  replenishing glycogen stores, sustaining energy levels, and optimizing performance,
  particularly during high-intensity exercise and endurance activities.
  
  

The First Plate: Low-Intensity Training and Rest Day Plate

Imagine your plate divided into halves and quarters. Half of your plate should be filled with
colorful fruits and vegetables. The remaining quarters are dedicated to protein and
carbohydrates, with an emphasis on lean protein sources and whole grains. This plate is perfect
for rest days, light bodyweight training, or when aiming for weight loss.

The Second Plate: Moderate Intensity Training Plate

For days when your workouts are a bit more intense – think moderate cardio sessions, strength
training, or longer runs – your plate shifts slightly. Divided into thirds, you'll still prioritize colorful
fruits and veggies, but now you'll increase your portions of protein and carbohydrates. This
balanced approach ensures sustained energy levels and supports muscle recovery and growth.

The Third Plate: Hard Intensity Training Plate

When your training demands peak performance – whether it's two-a-day practices,
high-intensity interval training, or pushing your limits in the weight room – your plate should
reflect this intensity. Half of your plate is now dedicated to carbohydrates to fuel your workouts
and support recovery, while protein and colorful fruits and vegetables make up the remaining
quarters.

By aligning your nutrition with your activity level and goals, you can optimize your performance,
enhance recovery and support long-term health. Whether you're striving for weight loss,
maintenance, or muscle gain, the principles of balanced Performance Plates can guide you
toward success.

Looking to better understand "your plate"? Download our Performance Plate handout to visually understand your nutrition needs based on your workout. 

This blog was written by Michael Horner, an Aligned Health Practice Registered Dietitian.

For athletes and gym enthusiasts, performance and recovery are top priorities. While protein often takes center stage in their nutrition plans, there's an unsung hero that deserves more spotlight: dietary fiber. This essential nutrient, found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, plays a crucial role in maintaining not just overall health, but also enhancing athletic performance and recovery.

Firstly, fiber aids in digestion and promotes gut health, which is foundational for athletes. A healthy gut flora improves nutrient absorption, ensuring that all the proteins, vitamins, and minerals consumed are better utilized by the body. This optimal nutrient absorption supports muscle repair and growth, critical for recovery and performance.

Moreover, fiber helps regulate blood sugar levels, helping provide a steady stream of energy during prolonged physical activities. For athletes, stable energy levels mean sustained performance, preventing the highs and lows that can impact endurance and stamina. This is especially beneficial during long training sessions or competitions.

Additionally, fiber's role in weight management is invaluable. It provides a sense of fullness, helping control appetite and support body composition goals—a key aspect for athletes aiming to maintain a specific weight class or optimize their power-to-weight ratio.

Incorporating a variety of fiber-rich foods into an athlete's diet can also reduce inflammation. The anti-inflammatory properties of many high-fiber foods support the body's natural healing process, enabling athletes to bounce back quicker from intense workouts.

The inclusion of fiber in an athlete's diet offers multifaceted benefits, from enhancing gut health and energy regulation to supporting weight management and reducing inflammation. It's time fiber starts to receive some attention like other nutrients in the sports nutrition arena, as it's clear that it plays a critical role in an athlete's health, recovery, and performance. 

This blog was written by Michael Horner, an Aligned Health Practice Registered Dietitian.

Thousands of sports nutrition supplements are touted to improve strength, endurance, and a variety of other athletic factors. But do they work and are they necessary? Below are some of the most common supplements advertised for athletes, as well as what they do, how well they work, and how much is safe to supplement. It’s important to note that you should always consult your physician or a registered dietitian specializing in sports medicine before starting any new supplement.

Beta-alanine

During intense exercise, your muscles produce lactic acid, which can reduce muscular force and cause fatigue. Beta-alanine, an amino acid, produces carnosine, a molecule that can help reduce the buildup of lactic acid, which has shown to produce small performance improvements in sports that require high-intensity, intermittent effort over short periods, such as swimming, hockey, and football in some studies; however, its efficacy for endurance activities such as cycling and running isn’t clear.

In healthy adults, beta-alanine supplementation is generally safe. The most common side effect reported is paresthesia, a tingling or burning sensation in the upper body, typically lasting 60–90 minutes after consumption. If you’re interested in supplementing with beta-alanine supplements, the International Society of Sports Nutrition recommends taking 4 to 6 grams each day (1 to 2 grams at meals) for at least 4 weeks.

BCAAs

Leucine, isoleucine, and valine make up the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which are used to provide energy to the body during exercise and might also stimulate protein synthesis in exercised muscle. Short-term studies have shown that BCAA supplementation might enhance overall muscle mass and strength during training, but it is unclear if BCAAs are more effective than any other high-quality protein supplement. While supplementation of up to 20 grams/day in divided doses is generally safe according to the NIH, it is not always necessary because most individuals can take in adequate amounts by consuming plenty of complete proteins that provide all of the essential amino acids together, like meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products.

Carnitine

Carnitine is a compound thought to help preserve muscle glycogen and spare the use of amino acids during exercise so that they are available for new protein synthesis. The research available to support the effectiveness of supplementation is limited, however, and available evidence is mixed. Additionally, healthy individuals do not need to consume carnitine from food or supplements because it is synthesized sufficiently by the body itself.

Creatine

Creatine is a compound produced naturally in the body (about 1 gram/day), and obtained nutritionally by consuming animal-based foods or supplements, that is stored in the muscles and used for energy. Most sports experts agree that supplementing with creatine is generally safe and can improve certain types of performance, specifically those that involve repeated short bursts of intense intermittent activity (like sprinting or weightlifting), but tend to have little value for endurance exercises, such as cycling, swimming, or long-distance running. For optimal results, experts recommend taking in at least 20 grams of creatine per day (4 doses of 5 grams) for between 5–7 days, before decreasing to a maintenance level of around 3 to 5 grams total daily. Creatine monohydrate is the form most commonly used, recommended, and studied.

The Bottom Line

The supplements discussed above are generally safe when used in the recommended amounts. Many of them are unnecessary for healthy people who consume the correct nutrients. Again, always consult your physician or a dietitian specializing in sports medicine before starting any new supplement.

This blog was written by Lindsey Recker, MS, Registered Dietitian. To learn more about the NIFS bloggers, click here.

Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and chloride are all electrolytes, or minerals that fulfill essential roles within the body. More specifically, sodium, chloride, and potassium work together to maintain fluid balance within the body, while magnesium and calcium promote optimal muscle function and aid in energy metabolism.

An imbalance in one or more of these electrolytes can lead to disrupted bodily functions, which may present as dizziness, headache, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, muscle cramps, dark-colored urine, mental confusion, or nausea and vomiting. Typically, the average adult is able to maintain adequate electrolyte levels by consuming a well-rounded, healthy diet and staying hydrated.

How Are Electrolytes Related to Exercise?

Electrolytes are primarily lost through urine and sweat, which is why it’s so important to hydrate before, during, and after physical activity. The amount of electrolytes lost during exercise varies greatly from person to person, but also depends on the length and intensity of exercise, the individual’s body composition, the type of clothing worn during exercise, and the environment or climate in which the exercise is performed. On average, athletes can lose anywhere from 1 to 3 liters of fluid per hour of intense exercise, and in turn lose a significant amount of fluids and electrolytes.

How Do I Properly Replenish Electrolytes After Exercise?

Electrolyte replacement is most important during high-intensity activity that occurs for longer than 1 hour, or anytime when heavy sweating occurs, such as in high temperatures. Typically, water and a balanced snack are enough to replenish electrolytes after most exercise sessions. Ideally, choose a snack that has a balance of sodium- and potassium-rich foods, such as a banana with peanut butter, a hard-boiled egg and a piece of fruit, or yogurt with nuts. However, for physical activity that lasts longer than 60–90 minutes, a carbohydrate-containing (10–20 grams per 8 ounces) electrolyte replacement beverage may be appropriate. Be cautious, as many electrolyte replacement beverages are high in added sugars and empty calories.

Remember, just like not consuming enough electrolytes, too many electrolyte-rich foods can cause electrolyte imbalances with undesirable side effects. Speak with a registered dietitian nutritionist (RD/RDN) to learn more about your individualized fluid, electrolyte, and other nutrition needs.

This blog was written by Lindsey Recker, MS, RD, NIFS Registered Dietitian. To learn more about the NIFS bloggers, click here.

Dietary supplement usage is reaching an all-time high. The 2019 Consumer Survey on Dietary Supplements revealed that 77% of Americans consume supplements. This is a dramatic increase from the 53% reported by the NHANES in 2010. Americans are spending $38.8 billion a year on supplements, with more than 85,000 supplements on the market. Reasons for consumption are widespread, ranging from athletes hoping to boost performance to people who need more Vitamin D for bone health.

With the rise in supplement usage, it is important to be an informed consumer. While there are numerous reasons for this, one of the biggest is that supplements are loosely regulated by the FDA, meaning labels may not display what is truly in the supplement. Also, claims marketed about the benefits of a supplement may be false because companies are not required to obtain authorization from the FDA prior to making such nutritional support claims.

How can you know whether what you’re taking is safe and effective? Let’s dive in!

What Is a "Dietary Supplement?"

According to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), a dietary supplement means “a product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or more of the following ingredients:

• Vitamin
• Mineral
• Herb or other botanical
• Amino acid
• A dietary supplement used by man to supplement the diet by increasing dietary intake
• A concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of any ingredient described in the above.”

Are Dietary Supplements Regulated? Can Supplements Be Trusted?

Technically, yes, supplements are regulated by the FDA under the DSHEA. However, there are loopholes to consider:

1. The FDA does not inspect products before they are sold, nor do they require registration unless the supplement contains a new ingredient not yet on the market.
2. The only formulation standard is the Current Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP); however, 2013 report by the FDA revealed that 70% of inspected manufacturers were in violation of GMPs. Not all products even get inspected after being on the market. The FDA states the manufacturer is responsible for ensuring safety and quality, but clearly some manufacturers are doing a poor job, and the FDA is only catching some.
3. Nutrition supplements may not claim to diagnose, cure, prevent, or treat diseases. Sure enough, some manufacturers have managed to ignore this. A 2003 study found that 81% of 338 herbal supplement retail websites made one or more health claims, and 55% claimed to diagnose, cure, prevent, or treat specific diseases.

What Can You Do to Be Safe When Taking Supplements?

Blind trust in supplements is unwarranted; however, there are steps you can take to ensure your safety while taking them.

• Check the label for a stamp indicating third-party verification. Independent third parties are hired by manufacturers to thoroughly test products, ensuring accuracy of ingredients, potency, and amounts; absence of toxic compounds; and production in compliance with FDA GMPs. Credible third parties include NSF International and US Pharmacopeia (USP).
• Athletes: look for the NSF Certified for Sport stamp. The USA Doping Agency (USADA) has recognized this program as best suited to assist athletes in choosing supplements that do not contain banned substances for sports.
• Download the NSF International App. It shows which products are NSF approved—right at your fingertips anytime, anywhere.
• Check out the Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets published by the National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Supplements. This government agency has quick fact sheets about a variety of dietary supplements, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, botanicals and herbs, and more.

Speak with a Registered Dietitian for supplement guidance and which supplements may (or may not) be right for you. NIFS Registered Dietitians are available to help you!

This blog was written by Sabrina Goshen, NIFS Registered Dietitian. To learn more about the NIFS bloggers, click here.

Every couple of years, the world’s best athletes get to compete in either the winter or summer Olympics, and I have been wondering about what they eat! I know as a dietitian I am obsessed with food, but surely other people wonder about sports nutrition on this kind of scale, too. These elite athletes have a routine when it comes to their nutrition, especially before competition. Then they are put into a situation where they have a giant smorgasbord of choices in the Olympic Village. How hard it must be to try to stick to their plan…at least until their event is over.

Here are some food stats from previous Olympics that I found interesting.

London 1948 and 2012

In the 1948 games in London, which was the first Olympics after the war, food shortages meant that each country had to bring food for its athletes. Things have definitely changed, and in the 2012 summer Olympics in London, they ordered 25,000 loaves of bread and 232 tons of potatoes for the 2 weeks during the games. For protein, they had 100 tons of beef, 31 tons of poultry, and 82 tons of seafood. Luckily, there was plenty of produce to balance the carbs and protein; they ordered 330 tons of fruits and vegetables. Water was the most popular beverage, but after that it was milk, with 75,000 liters consumed!

Rio 2016

In the 2016 summer games in Rio at its peak demand, they fed 18,000 people per day and were open for 24 hours, so athletes could eat whenever their schedules allowed. They served over 40 varieties of exotic fruit such as acai, carambola, and maracuja (passion fruit). The buffets included cuisines such as Brazilian, Asian, International, pasta and pizza, and halal and kosher offerings. The kitchen was the size of a football field and the dining area was larger than two football fields.

Something that could potentially be an obstacle for athletes was the giant and free McDonalds that was the centerpiece of the dining hall. This has been an Olympic Village staple since the company first became a sponsor in 1976.One great thing they did in Rio was to donate the leftover food each night. They provided more than 100 meals on average nightly to the homeless.

PyeongChang 2018

At the winter games in PyeongChang, South Korea, they are expected to serve 5 million meals at 13 different venues. This is for 6,000 athletes and officials during the Olympics and 1,700 athletes and officials during the Paralympics. As with other locations, they will serve plenty of food that is local to South Korea to promote their culture to athletes from other regions. There are drinking fountains at all of the venues, but the ones on the mountains will need an anti-freezing machine to keep the water from freezing. There is a different menu every day, and information about the recipes, nutritional facts, and allergens will be made available to those who ask.

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Even world-class athletes are susceptible to the pitfalls of buffets, especially ones as large and varied as the ones at the Olympic Village. So most coaches have now discussed these issues and encouraged a plan when it comes to food. Or they tend to pack suitcases full of familiar foods to guarantee they have what they need. Having the proper nutrition can be the difference between a gold medal and a silver medal. They can enjoy the free McDonalds and all-you-can-eat buffets after their events.

This blog was written by Angie Mitchell, RD, Wellness Coordinator. To find out more about the NIFS bloggers, click here.